Method of and apparatus for inducing and increasing the flow of wells



sept. 4, 192s. 1,682,929

C. OCHS ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDUCING AND INCREASING THE FLQW OF WELLS Filed March 21, 1925 y" 9 f4, I r /g v7 8 Q /f/ 'm/ 5MM i, l /f INVENTORS l Clarence Ochs Bud Hildebrand Ylw'r ATTORNEY ./uz C Patented Sept. 4, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLARENCE OCHS .AND BUD HILDEBRAND, 0F LONGl BEACH, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNORS T0 CHICAGO PNEUMATIC TOOL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOB INDUCING A ND INCBEASDTG THE FLOW OF WELLS.

Application lcd March 21. 1925. Serial No. 17,171.

This invention relates to increasing the flow or discharge of wells by the eicient utilization of gas forced into the well under pressure, and includes both a method and apparatus for practicing the method.

Among the objects of the invention are to provide an improved method and means for lncreasing and accelerating the flow of fluid products from wells by gas forced into the wells under pressure, to affect the iow of Wells by the combined forces of pressure and suction, to subject the well fluid to the effects of centrifugal force in increasing its flow, and in general to make the compressed gas in the highest degree efficient in bearing away the Well fluid. Other kindred and incidental objects will become ap arent from the more detailed description o the invention which follows:

Stated in its simplest terms the invention contemplates a method of thoroughly mingling or mixing the well Huid with compressed gas so that the well iuid in at least a partial if not an entirely vaporized state is rapidly carried away by the gas. To this end the gas and fluid may be forced in concentric ascending bodies, preferably with a body of gas enclosing a body of well fluid. In forming the ascending body of well fluid the invention contem lates so utilizing the compressed gas as to su ject the well fluid to the combined effects of pressure and suction. rlhe invention further contemplates impartinr a whirling or Cyclonic motion to one or ioth of said bodies to assist in the thorough mixing of the two and incidentally to contribute to augmenting the flow of the Well. Otherievelopments and refinements of the method may nclude the progressive acceleration of the nixing process and of the velocity of movenent of the mixing tluidand gas. The inven- Lion further includes means and apparatus npplicable on a commercial scale for practicng the method and effecting the above rbjects.

In order to illustrate the invention appa- 'atus operating in accordancewitb the de- :cribed method and capable of attaining the Tbove objects is shown in the accompanying lrawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a verticalsectional view throu l1 the lower end of a well and disclosing t e apparatus partly in section and partly in side elevation;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a detail of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1:4

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view substantlally 0n the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

The embodiment of the invention chosen for` the purpose of illustrating both the apparatus and the method is shown in Fig. 1 as installed near the bottom of an oil well of which A is the casing and B is the discharge pipe for the products of the well, in this instance petroleum, as, etc. To induce and increase the flow cfg the well products it is to be understood that the casing A is sealed near the top (not shown) and that gas or air under high pressure is forced into the well casing filling the space intermediate the casing A and the discharge pipe B. A preferred form of apparatus by which the com ressed gas thus forced into the well is utilized in inducing and accelerating the flow of the well in accordance with the present invention will now be described in detail.

Attached to the end of the discharge pipe in any suitable manner so as to form a part of the same, as by a threaded connection, is a. foot piece indicated generally by the reference character C within which the well products become intimately mixed with the compressed gas and are borne thereby up through the discharge pipe B. In order not to confuse the disclosure of the drawing, the uid in the well is not shown but its ath of movement is indicated by arrows, w ile the path of the compressed gas is indicated by arrow heads without feathering, the mixture of the two being indicated by an increased feathering of the arrows.

As is evident from' Fig. 1 the foot piece C, which may be cast in one piece or made up of a plurality of sections as indicated, contains a series of chambers as 4, 5 and 6 in which the oil is progressively mixed with the compressed gas. To this end the gas and oil are caused toascend in the foot piece C in the form of concentric bodies or columns, the gas being admitted through an annular series ot' inlet ports 7 in the base of the foot piece and the oil and other Well products through an inlet centrally thereof such as the conduit 8. rlhe oil conduit 8 provides separate outlet ports 9, 10 and 11 registering with the mixing chambers 4, 5 and 6. In practice the foot piece C is lowered below the normal level of the oil so that the latter naturally rises in the conduit 8. lNhen the compressed gas is admitted it forces the level of the oil below the gas inlet ports 7 so that the body of oil thus placed under pressure is forced into conduit 8 and out through openings 9, 10 and 11. The discharge from these openings is further increased by the tendency of the ascending body or encircling column of compressed gas in the foot piece to produce a partial vacuum or suction adjacent the said outlet openings which, incidentally are arranged to increase this suction elect as will later appear. To this end mixing chambers 4, 5 and 6 are constructed to serve as expansion chambers of limited size for the gas by being disposed immediately beyond constricted passages, as for example expansion chamber 4 immediately beyond constricted assage 7. To coniine and compress and t ereby increase the velocity of the partly mixed gas and oil issuing from chamber 4 the connection of the latter with chamber 5 is by way of a progressively constricted or Venturi passage 4. From chamber 5 extends a similar Venturi passage 5 to make the connection with chamber 6 which in turn provides a Venturi passage 6 leading into a constricted passage 6" adjacent the open upper end 12 of oil inlet conduit which together open directly into discharge conduit B. The accelerative eiect on the velocity of movement of the mingled gas and oil produced b following an expansion chamber with a enturi passage is enhanced by making the expansion chambers 4, 5 and 6 progressively smaller and the Venturi passages 4', 5', and 6 progressively more constricte In order to produce a more intimate mingling of the oil with the compressed gas to the extent of partial, if not entire, vaporizing of the former a whirling or Cyclonic motion is imparted to the enveloping column of compressed gas passing through the foot piece C, initially by giving the gas entrance orts 7 a spiral inclination as suggested in ig. 1 and clearly indicated in Fig. 3, and thereafter bv suitable means within the respective expansion chambers and connecting Venturi passages, such as the splrally disposed flanges 13 on the oil inlet conduit. While any desired pitch may be given to these flanges a. preferred arrangement, as shown m Fig. 1', is to effect a half revolution of the fluid body during its passage through each expansion chamber and connecting passage. Since the mixing chambers 4, 5 and 6 including their connecting passages progressively decrease in size as described above for the purpose of accelerating the velocity of movement of the mixed fluids, by preference the pitch of the llanges 13 in the successive chambers is progressively increased thereby similarly accelerating the whirling or cyclonic motion of the mixing fluids. The combined action resultlng from the alternate expansion and contraction oi' the gaseous body, from the acceleration oi' its axial velocity, and from the acceleration of its Cyclonic motion tend in practice to produce and actually does produce a complete vaporizing of the iuid prodhcts of the well. Any solid particles not initially vaporized on entrance to any one of the successive expansion and mixing chambers 4, 5 and 6 fall back upon the annular shelves or shoulders 4*, 5n and 61 respectively where they remain until eventually vaporized by the sweep of the whirling, rushing, gaseous body. To assist in the vaporizing ot' the oil or other fluid product, to increase its discharge from openings 9, 10, 11, and 12 and to prevent even a momentary checking of the Cyclonic motion of the vaseous body the ascending body or column oi oil in the inlet conduit 8 is given a similar whirling motion similarly progressive in intensity by means which will presently be described.

lVhile the oil inlet conduit may be constructed and arranged in any suitable or desired manner conforming to the above description a preferred construction comprises building the same of pipe sections progressively smaller in diameter and progressivel less in length in substantial conformity with the dimensions of the mixing chambers 4, E and 6 and their associated connecting passages. Accordingly in the present instance the oil inlet conduit may be considered as comprising a pipe section 8 extending within foo1 piece C as far as chamber a, and a series o1 progressively smaller pipe sections supporter` therefrom, as sections 14, 15 and 16 terminatI ing in chambers 5, 6 and in passage 6 respec tively. These pipe sections are not directly in contact with one another but are slightly spaced apart to provide the annular outlel ports 9, 10 and 11 which are preferabl] formed by beveling the opposed ends afte the manner indicated at 8 and 14 in Fig. to give the openings a rearward inclinatol and increase the suction effect of the gas pass ing the same. The adjacent pipe section are thus disposed in slightly interlitting ol telescoping arrangement but not in actua contact. A preferred means for disposin; and maintaining the parts of the sectional oi inlet conduit in the proper relation comprise a flat metal strip 17 (Figs. 1 and 2) axiall disposed within the conduit the strip bein; reduced in width at intervals in conformit with the sectional character of the conduit t provide stop shoulders 17, 17", 17c upo which sections 14. 15 and 16 respectivelv res1 Strip 17 is by preference utilized to unite the several sections of the oil inlct conduit by being welded or otherwise directl secured to each section. By twisting strip l; spirally as clearly shown in Fig. 2 it serves as the means for imparting the whirling or cyclonic motion to the well fluid referred to above, which motion is in the same direction as that given to the surrounding column of gas. This cyclonic motion in the oil inlet conduit brings centrifugal force into play in the discharge of the oil from openings 9, 10 and 11.

In practice the foot piece C and the oil inlet conduit therefore are made separately. The foot piece is either cast integrally or made up of machined sections as shown, and the inlet conduit is preferably in built up sectional form after the manner described in the preceding paragraph- To provide for aembling the oil inlet conduit within the casing of the foot piece the lower end of the lowermost section of the latter has an opening or is bored out to the size of passage 7'. Through this opening the assembled inlet conduit is passed and the lowermost section of the same, namely the pipe 8, carries an annular member or bushing 18 in which the gas inlet ports 7 are drilled, which bushing is suitably secured in the opening 7' in any suitable manner as by a threaded connection.

For the eicient operation of the method and apparatus herein disclosed it is essential that the compressed gas forced into the well casing should not enter the oil inlet conduit 8. While this may be avoided by using a short pipe section 8 with a packing engaging the casing A somewhat below inlet port 7, it is preferable to extend plpe 8 well down into the oil body as indicated in Fi 1.

From the above description it iselieved that the nature of the method for inducing and accelerating the low of wells, together with specific means operable in accordance therewith, is clearly evident. It is to be understood however, that the above disclosure is illustrative only and that the invention is susceptible of changes and modifications adapting it to the varied conditions of practical use. Such changes and modifications as come within the irit and scope of the present invention are mtended to be covered by the appended claims.

We clalm as our invention 1. The method of inducing the flow of wells which comprises formlng ascending concentric columns or bodies of well fluid and compressed gas, eecting a gradual mixing of said fluid and gas, imparting a whirling motion thereto d the mixing process, subjecting one of alildiodies and the portion of the other mixed therewith alternately to compression and expansion during the mixing process, and progreively increasing such forced compression and progressively reducing such permitted expansion.

2. The method of inducing the flow of wells which comprises forming ascending concentric columns or bodies of well fluid and compreed gas, causing alternate compresion and expansion of the outer body, and permitting mingling of the two bodies at each period of expansion.

3. The method of inducing the flow of wells which comprises forming ascending concentric columns or bodies of well fluid and compressed gas, imparting a whirling motion to at least one of said bodies, causing alternate compression and expansion of the outer body, permitting mingling of the two bodies at each period of expansion, and progressively reducing the volume of the mingled bodies.

4. The method of inducing the flow of wells f which comprises forming ascending concentric columns or bodies of well fluid and compreed gas, producing a whirling movement of both bodies in the same direction, progressively reducing the cross-sectional area of both said bodies, permitting mingling of the inner body with the outer body at spaced intervals during their ascent, and providing for expansion at each point of mingling of the bodies followed by reduction of the crosssectional area of the stream of mingled fluids, whereby the well fluid becomes vaporized or atomized and is carried away by said gas.

5. In combination, in a well having gas under pressure forced therein, a discharge conduit for the fluid products of the well, and means associated with said conduit for producing therewithin an ascending body or column of well fluid including a surrounding and ascending body or column of gas, and means eifectin contact between said bodies at spaced interva s only.

6. In combination, in a well having gas under pressure forced therein, a. discharge conduit for the Huid products of the well, and means associated with said conduit for producing therewithin an ascending body of well iluid including a surrounding and ascending whirling body 0f compressed gas, and means `effecting contact and mingling of said bodies at spaced intervals only during their ascent.

7. In combination in a well having gas under pressure forced therein, a discharge conduit for the Huid products of the well, and means associated with said conduit for producin therewithin an ascending body of well ilui including a surrounding and ascending body of compressed gas, means causing a whirlin movementof said body of wellinid, an means permitting a part of the whirling body of well Huid to escape into the body of gas and mingle with the same.

8. In combination, in a well having gas under pressure forced therein. a discharge conduit for the Huid products of the well, and meansassociated with said conduit for producing therewithin an ascending body or llll column of well lluid including a. surrounding and ascending bod y or column of gas, means imparting a whir movement in the same direction to both `es, and means efecting contact and mixing of the two bodies at spaced intervals only during their ascent.

9. In combination, in a well having gas forced therein under pressure, a discharge conduit for the fluid products of the well, and means assodated with said conduit utilizing said gas to induce and increase the flow of the well comprising means producing within said conduit concentric ascending bodies of well fluid and of a mixture of the latter with said gas, means electing alternate compression and expansion of the mixture, and means admitting a portion of the well iluid body to slid mixture body at each expansion of the latter.

10. In combination, in a well ha forced therein under pressure, a rge conduit for the iinid products of the well, and means associated with said conduit utilizingsaidgastoindnce and inereasethe llow of the well comprising means producing said conduit concentric amending bodies of well lluid and of a mixture of the latter with said gas, means imparting a whiriing movemmttooneofsidbodimmeanselfectf ing alternate comprsion and expansion of the mixture, and means admitting a portion ofthewellnidbodytosaidmixtnre at each ]J.Inenbination,inawellha' gas ordthereinunderpmmga-d'iae meam mmngchambersfmthewelluidandsaid dnnmx'l in size., said means u efectivetnbearawaythewellm @id conduigapodionotthewellmdbeam, d

eommgvapormedoratormaed.

mlncmnhinatimuinawellha gas forredthereinunderprmma eonduitforthelnidproducmofthewell,

'wenn duit and a well uid conduit within said chambers having separate entrance ports for each chamber.

14. In combination, in a well ha gas forced therein under pressure, a disc rge conduit for the fluid products of the well, and means associated with said conduit utihzin said gas to induce and increase the ilow o thewell, said means providing mixing chambers connected in series thro which the compressed gas makes its way luto said conduit, a well fluid conduit within said chalubers having separate entrance ports for each chamber, t e connections between said chambers being Venturi whereby the mixed gas and we fluid passing therethrough are comfressed and then permitted to expand in sai chambers, thus further inducing the entrance of iluid through said tts.

15. In combination, in a well havi gas forced therein under pressure, a disc rge conduit for the luid products of the well, and means associated with said conduit utilizing saidgastoinduandincreasethellowofthe well, said means providing chambers conn in series whie the comt prmdgm makes its way lnto said conduit, a well lluld conduit within said chambers hav mg separate entrance ports for each chamber, the connections between said chambers being Venturi w rwd y 1s comp 1n paages andthmpermittedtoexpandineaidcham bers, thus the entrance of lluid said Ports, and means imparting a whirhngmohontoaaiduidstoefectan intimate mixing of the sam llncombmatiminawellha' gas forced therein under pressure, a conduit for the lluid products of the wel and means associated with nid conduit utimidgastoindnceandincreasetheflow ofthewelleom risingafod havinga sexies of cham means concentric bodies of gas and well uid ugh mid chambers, means punis# for rogres sive mingling of said gas nidP in mid ehambs, and means progressively acceleratmgthenmvementoftheminedgasanduid. 17.Ineombination,inawellha gas forced therein under plm a. eondnitforthelluid prodnetsofthewells, and means mated with said conduit utilizilgmidgastoindnandincreatheow o thewellcomprisingafootpiehavinga senesof means concmtriebodiesofgasandwelluid saidehambergmeanspmvi' for siweminglngofsidgas nidinsaid ehambemandVmtm-lpamgesp velydecreasing' betwemmidehambexsforacleratingthemvementofthe mixedgasanduid.

18.Incombination,inawellhavinggaa forced therein under pressure a discharge conduit for the flu-id products of the wells, and means associated with said conduit utilizing said gas to induce and increase the flow of the well comprising a foot piece having a series of chambers, means admitting separate concentric bodies of gas and wel fluid to said foot piece, means establishing contact of said streams for a limited period in each chamber to effect progressive mingling of said gas and fluid in said chambers, and means imparting a whirling motion to said bodies of gas and well fluid and progressively increasing said motion.

19. In combination, in a well havin gas forced therein under pressure, a disc ar e conduit for the fluid roducts of the wel s, and means associate with said conduit utilizing said gas to induce and increase the flow of the well comprising a foot piece having a series of chambers, means admittin separate concentric bodies of gas andwel fluid to said foot piece, means establishing contact of said streams for a limited period in each chamber to effect progressive mingling of said gas and fluid in said chambers, means imparting a whirling motion to said bodies of gas and.well fluid and progressively increasmg said motlon, and means progressively acce erating the axial movement of the mixed gas and fluid.

20. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well having an inlet for gas under pressure and providing a series of chambers to which the has access in succession, and means admittln well fluid in limited amount to each of sai chambers to become mixed with said s and be forced or carried thereby into and rough said pipe. y

21.r A foot glace for the discharge pe of a well provi ing a series of chamgers to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, and a conduit for the well fluid extending into said foot piece, said conduit having ports spaced longitudinally thereof and registerin with said chambers to permit Vmingling of said fluid with said gas.

22. A foot piece for the discharge ipe of a well provi ing a series of cham rs to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, and a conduit for the well fluid extending through said foot piece, said condint having annular ports spaced longitudinally thereof and registerin with said chambers to permit mingling o said fluid with said gas.

23. A foot iece for the discharge lpipe of a well providing aE series of cham ers to which gas under ressure forced into the well has access, a con uit for the well fluid extending axially into said foot piece comprising a series of progressively smaller pipe sections Separated at their joints to form annular ports registering with said chambers to permit of said fluid with said gas.

24. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well parts providing a series of chambers to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, a conduit for the well fluid extending axially into said foot piece comprising a series of progressively smaller pipe sections separated at their joints to form annular ports registering with said chambers to permit mixlng of s aid fluid with said as, and a fiat metal strip disposed axially within said sections and maintaining the same in fixed relation.

25. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well parts providing a series of chambers to which gas under ressure forced into the well has access, a con uit for the well fluid extending into said foot piece comprising a series of progressively smaller pipe sections, a flat metal stri extending through said sections and provided with shoulders supporting the same, the adjacent ends of said sections being beveled and spaced apart to provide annular ports registering with said chambers.

26. A foot piece for the dischar pi e of a well parts providing a series of c am ers to which gas under ressure forced into the well has access, a con uit for the well fluid extending into said foot iece and having spaced ports registering with said chambers to permit mingling of said fluid with said gas, and means imparting a whirling motion to the fluid in said conduit whereby centrifugal force is operative to force the `fiuid through 'said ports.

27'. A foot piece for the dischar e pi e of a well parts providing a series of c am ers to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, a conduit for the well fluid extending axially into said foot piece comprising a series of progressively smaller pipe sections separated at their joints to form annular ports re 'staring with said chambers to permit mixing of said fluid with said gas, and means causing said fluid to issue by centrifu` gal force from said ports.

28. A foot piece for the discharge pi e of a well parts 'providing a series ofcham rs to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, a conduit for the well fluid extending axially into said foot piece comprlsmg a series bf progressively smaller pipe sections separated at their joints to form annular ports registering with said chambers to per mit mixing of said uid with said gas, and a flat metal strip disposed axially within said sections and maintaining the same in fixed ratio, said strip being spirally twisted to impart a whirling motion to the fluid passing throu h said conduit.

.29. A oot piece for' the discharge pipe of Sa well providing a series of chambers to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, a conduit for the well fluid extending into said foot piece and through laid chambers, said conduit having means for imparting a whirling movement to the compressed gas jdiassing throu h said chainbeis and longitu inally space ports for admitting said fluid to said chambers.

30. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a Well providing a series of chambers to which gas under pressure forced into the Well has access, a conduit for the well fluid extending into said foot piece and having annular ports spaced longitudinally thereof and registering with said chambers to permit mingling of said fluid with said gas, said conduit having means on its exterior and on its interior for imparting whirling movement to the gas assing through said chambers and to the uid within said conduit.

31. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well providing` a series of chambers to which gas under pressure forced into the well has access, a conduit for the well fluid extending axially into said foot piece comprising a series of progressively smaller pipe sections separated at their joints to form annular ports registering With said chambers to permit mixing of said fluid with said gas, and spiral flanges on said. pipe sections for iinparting a whirling motion to the gas passing through said chambers.

32. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well comprising a series of sections each containing a chamber and a Venturi passage of progressively smaller size, said sections when secured together forming a continuous conduit with chambers and Venturi passages progressively reduced in size, the lowermost of said sections having ports to admit gas under pressure, and a conduit for well fluid axially disposed in said footpiece and having at least one port opening into each chamber.

33. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well comprising a series of sections each containing a chamber and a Venturi passage of progressively smaller size, said sections, when secured together forming a continuous conduit with chambers and Venturi passages progressively reduced in size, the lowermost of said sections having ports to admit gas under pressure, and a conduit for well fluid axially disposed in aid foot piece comprising a series of pipe sections progressively reduced in size and spaced apart to provide ports opening into said chambers.

34. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well comprising a series of sections each containing a chamber and a Venturi passage of progressively smaller size, said sections when secured to ether formin a continuous conduit with c ambers and enturi passages progressively reduced in size, the lowermost of said sections having orts to admit s under pressure, a conduit or well Huid axially disposed in said foot piece and supported by said outermost section comprising a series of pipe sections progressively diminishing in size, and a metal strip axially disposed therein and supportin said pipe sectionslin spaced elation to provi `e ports adjacent each chainer. i i

35. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a well comprising a series of scctionseacli containing a chamber and a Venturi passage of progressively smaller size, said sections when secured together forming a continuous conduit with chambers and Venturi passages progressively reduced in size, the lowermost of said sections having an annular series of spirally inclined entrance ports for gas under pressure, an inlet conduit centrally disposed relative to said ports for Well fluid and extending within said foot piece, said conduitcom rising a series of pipe sections progressive y reduced in size, a spirally twisted metal strip disposed therein and maintaining said pipe sections in spaced relation to provide a port adjacent each chamber. and spiral flanges on the exterior of said pi e sections to maintain and increase the whirling motion imparted to the gas by its entrance ports.

36. A foot piece for the discharge pipe of a Well comprising a series of sections each containing a chamber and a Venturi passage of progressively smaller size, said sections when secured together forming a continuous conduit with chambersand Venturi passages progressively reduced in size, the lowermost of said sections having a bushing in the end thereof rovided with an annular series of spirally inclined entrance ports for gas under pressure, an inlet conduit mounted in said bushing and extending within said foot piece, said conduit com rising a series of pipe sections progressive y reduced in size, a spirally twisted metal stri disposed therein and maintaining said pipe sections in spaced relation to provide a port adjacent each chamber, and spiral fianges on the exterior of said ipe sections, the spirals of said stri and anges being in the same direction an rogressively increasing in pitch as the chambers and pi e sections decrease in size.

37. well Huid inlet pipe for a well discharge conduit comprising a series of pipe sections of progressively smaller diameter supported in spaced relation to provide a spaced series of stepped ports.

38. A well fluid inlet pipe for a well discharge conduit comprising a series of pipe sections of pro essively smaller diameter suprted in axial alignment, said sections having their adjacent cndp interfittin but not engaging and their opposed faces geveled to provide a series of spaced annular ports.

39. A well -luid inlet pipe for a well discharge conduit comprising a series of pipe sections of progressively smaller diameter and a metal strip axially disposed therewithn securing said sections together but in relative spaced relation thereby to provide a spaced series of stepped annular ports.

lll

40. A well uid inlet pipe for a well dissively reduced in width to conform to the charge conduit comprisingaseries of pipe secdiameter of said sections and having stop l" tions progressively smaller in diameter and shoulders fixing the relative positions of said length and having beveled end faces, and a sections.

5 flat, spirally twisted strip extending through Signed by us at city ofLong Beach, Calisaid sections and maintaining the same in forma, this 14th day of March, 1925. axial alignment with their ends interiitting CLARENCE OCHS. but not contacting, said strip being progres- BUD HILDEBRAND.

- CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,682,929. Granted September 4, 1928. Ato

CLARENCE OCHS ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, lines 67, 79, 90, 101 and 112, claims 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 respectively, after the word "well" insert the word "comprising"; and that the said Letters Patent should be rend with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 20th day of November, A. D. 1928.

M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

40. A well uid inlet pipe for a well dissively reduced in width to conform to the charge conduit comprisingaseries of pipe secdiameter of said sections and having stop l" tions progressively smaller in diameter and shoulders fixing the relative positions of said length and having beveled end faces, and a sections.

5 flat, spirally twisted strip extending through Signed by us at city ofLong Beach, Calisaid sections and maintaining the same in forma, this 14th day of March, 1925. axial alignment with their ends interiitting CLARENCE OCHS. but not contacting, said strip being progres- BUD HILDEBRAND.

- CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,682,929. Granted September 4, 1928. Ato

CLARENCE OCHS ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, lines 67, 79, 90, 101 and 112, claims 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 respectively, after the word "well" insert the word "comprising"; and that the said Letters Patent should be rend with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 20th day of November, A. D. 1928.

M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

